The CNA conducted surveys on 2,608 troops returning from combat in Iraq and Afghanistan over the past 12 months.The M9 was adopted by the United States military as their service pistol in 1985.The JCP was renamed Combat Pistol (CP), and the number of pistols to be bought was drastically cut back.The U.S. Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps are replacing the M9 with the SIG Sauer M17 and M18.
The USAF opted to use.38 Special revolvers, which were also carried by some criminal investigationmilitary police organizations, USAF strategic missile ( ICBM ) officer crews, and by military flight crew members across all the services when serving in combat zones, or when engaged in nuclear weapons duties. However, they recognized that the decision was made for the purpose of eliminating the need to buy replacements for worn-out M1911 frames, and to establish a common NATO pistol round to simplify logistics (in the circumstance of war against the Soviet Union in Europe). In 1979, the Joint Service Small Arms Program began searching for a replacement for the venerable M1911, and the 919mm Parabellum round was selected for compliance with the NATO Standardization Agreement (STANAG). In 1980, the Beretta 92S-1 design was chosen over entries from Colt, Smith Wesson, Walther, the Star M28, and various Fabrique Nationale and Heckler Koch models. In 1984, the trials started again with updated entries from Smith Wesson, Beretta, SIG Sauer, Heckler Koch, Walther, Steyr, and Fabrique Nationale. Beretta won this competition, but there was a new trial, the XM10 competition, in 1988. This resulted in two different trials that were more limited, but resulted in the Beretta being chosenalbeit with an updated design. The resulting holster was designed by John Bianchi and Richard Nicholas, and designated as the M12. The M12 has served the U.S. Armed Forces well for decades, and was adopted simultaneously with the adoption of the Beretta 92F in 1985. Additionally, the 92F proved an MRBF (mean rounds before failure) of 35,000 roundsthe number often touted as the equivalent to five or six times the pistols service life. While this is normally vague true in European militaries, example needed armed forces of the United States normally vague subject sidearms to much more extensive use. The M9 is used with the Bianchi M12 Holster, though other holsters are often used. The specific modifications made from the Beretta 92 includes. ![]() This was added after slide failures were observed in Beretta models with very high round counts during tests (failures later deemed to be caused by defective ammunition used in tests). The M9 also has an ambidextrous external safety lever, allowing both left and right-handed users to engage or disengage the safety mechanism. The M9A1 has more aggressive front, backstrap checkering, and a beveled magazine well for easier reloading of the weapon. M9A1 pistols are sold with Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) coated magazines that were developed to better withstand the conditions of sandy environments in the Iraq and Afghanistan wars. The M9 22 is available with 10 and 15-round magazines, removable sights, and interchangeable grip panels which fit the Beretta M9. These failures included both military and civilian Beretta models with very high round counts, and after investigation, Beretta deemed them the result of ammunition supplied by the U.S. Army, which exceeded the recommended pressures specified by NATO. Conversely, the U.S. Army concluded that the faults were the result of the low metal toughness present in the Italian-made slides. This event nonetheless provoked a modification in the M9 design to prevent slide failures from causing injuries to the user, after which no further slide fractures were reported.
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